英汉对照成人退变性脊柱侧弯患者指南上

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AdultDegenerativeScoliosis

成人退变性脊柱侧弯

成人退变性脊柱侧弯患者指南

概述

normalhealthyspinewillbestraightwhenseenfromthefrontortheback.Whenseenfromtheside,thenormalspineformsagentle“S”curve,whichisknownasadultdegenerativescoliosis.

正常健康的脊柱从前面或后面观察应该是挺直的。从侧面观察，正常的脊柱形成柔和的“S”形曲线。

Scoliosisisanabnormalorexaggeratedcurveofthespinefromthesideorfromthefrontorback.Adultdegenerativescoliosisisdifferentfromthetypeofscoliosisthatoccursinteenagers.Adultdegenerativescoliosisoccursafterthespinehasstoppedgrowingandresultsfromwearandtearofthespine.Theconditionmostoftenaffectsthelumbarspine.

脊柱侧弯是从侧面或从前面或从后面观察时脊柱异常或超常的弯曲。成人退变性脊柱侧弯与青少年发生的脊柱侧弯类型不同。成人退变性脊柱侧弯在脊柱生长停止以后发生，通常由脊柱的慢性劳损所致，这种情况往往发生于腰椎。

Thisguidewillhelpyouunderstand

·whatpartsmakeupthespine

·whatcausesadultdegenerativescoliosis

·howyourdoctorwilldiagnosethiscondition

·whattreatmentoptionsareavailable

这篇指南将有助于您理解：

l脊柱由哪几部分组成

l引起成人退变性脊柱侧弯的原因

l您的医生对这种状况如何进行诊断

l有哪些治疗方法可供选择

解剖

Whatpartsmakeupthespine?

脊柱由哪几部分组成？

Thespineismadeupof24moveablebonesegmentscalledvertebrae.Thespineisdividedintothreedistinctportions.Therearesevencervicalorneckvertebrae,12thoracicormid-backvertebraeandfivelumbarorlowbackvertebrae.

脊柱由24块可活动的称为椎体的骨节组成。脊柱分成三个不同的部分，包括7块颈椎，12块胸椎，5块腰椎。

Thespineismadeupofthreegeneralparts.Thetopportionisthecervicalspineandconnectswiththeskullorcranium.Themiddleportionisthethoracicspineandisidentifiedbytheribsthatattachtoeachofthevertebrae.Thelowerportionisthelumbarspine.Itconnectswiththepelvisatthesacrum.

脊柱大体上分成三个部分。上部是颈椎，连接头颅和大脑，中部是胸椎，因每个椎骨附着肋骨而有显著区别，下部是腰椎，通过骶骨与骨盆相连。

Thevertebrastackontopofoneanotherandareseparatedbydiscs.Thespinehasnormalcurves.Whenlookingatthespinefromtheside,thespinalcolumnisnotstraightupanddown,butformsan“S”curve.Thecervicalspinehasaninwardcurvecalledalordosis.Thethoracicspinecurvesoutward.Thiscurveiscalledakyphosis.Thelumbarspineusuallyhasaninwardcurveoralordosis.The“S”curveseeninthesideviewallowsforshock-absorptionandactsasaspringwhenthespineisloadedwithweight.This“S”curvemaintainsbalanceofthespineinaforwardandbackwardplane.

椎骨依次相叠，其间由椎间盘分隔。脊柱有正常的弯曲。从侧面看，脊柱由上到下并非笔直，而是形成“S”形的曲线。颈椎有向前的弯曲，称为前凸。胸椎有向后的弯曲，称为后凸。腰椎通常是向前弯曲，即前凸。从侧面看上去呈“S”形的弯曲在脊柱承受载荷时可吸收震荡，就象弹簧一样。“S”形弯曲在前后方向的平面上保持脊柱的平衡。

Thespinalcordtravelswithinacanalmadebythevertebra.Branchingoffofthespinalcordarenerveroots.Thesenervesthensupplyarm,trunk,andlegmusclesformovement.Theyalsosupplymusclesoforganssuchasthebladder.

脊髓在由椎骨形成的隧道内穿行。从脊髓发出分支即神经根。这些神经支配上肢、躯干和下肢的运动肌肉，还支配像膀胱这样的内脏肌肉。

Discsarefluid-filledcushionsbetweenthevertebrae.Facetjointsaresmalljointsinthebackthatallowmovement.Facetjointsarelinedwithcartilage.Thecartilageisacoveringofthejointsurfacethatgivessomecushionandprotectsthebone.Itisalsoslipperywhichhelpswithmotion.

椎间盘是椎体间充满液体的软垫。椎间关节是后方的小关节，允许运动。椎间关节内衬软骨。软骨覆盖关节表面，有一些缓冲作用，保护了骨头，同时软骨表面很光滑，有助于运动。

RelatedDocument:APatient’sGuidetoCervicalSpineAnatomy

RelatedDocument:APatient’sGuidetoThoracicSpineAnatomy

RelatedDocument:APatient’sGuidetoLumbarSpineAnatomy

相关文章：颈椎解剖患者指南

相关文章：胸椎解剖患者指南

相关文章：腰椎解剖患者指南

病因

Whatcausesadultdegenerativescoliosis?

成人退变性脊柱侧弯是怎么造成的？

Adultdegenerativescoliosiscanbearesultofscoliosisfromchildhood.Thecurvaturemayincreaseduringadulthoodandbe